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Material Science and Technology [1]

Paper Code: 
PHY 144 (C)
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 
Materials research is a rapidly evolving arm of the science and engineering community. Using imagination, curiosity, testing and tools as fuel for discovery, materials science is helping us to understand the structure-property relationships of materials, and applications in energy, security and sustainability.
 
Course Outcomes: 
On completion of the course, the student should be able to:
• Identify typeof bonding present in solids; types of crystal structureand nature of the materials.
• Know phase transformations in solids.
• Know the fundamentals in crystal symmetry and structures.
• Acquire the knowledge in crystal growth techniques
• Select appropriate type of material for specific application
• Learn about surface and thin film technology.
• Learn about solar photovoltaic, cellfabrication methods and type of solar photovoltaic technology.
 
12.00
Unit I: 
Unit I
Introduction and Structure of Materials
Structure of atoms - Quantum states-Atomic bonding in solids, primary bonds like ionic,covalent and metallic bond, Nature of Materials, common crystal structure ofmetals, representations of planes and directions in crystals, atomic packing incrystals, calculation of packing density, Single crystals, polycrystalline, Non crystalline solids, Imperfection in solids.
 
 
12.00
Unit II: 
Unit- II
Phase Transformations in Solids
Solids, solid solutions, phase rule, binary phase diagrams, binary isomorphous systems, binary eutectic systems, types of transformations, homogeneous and heterogeneous transformation, thermodynamics of transformation, nucleation and growth kinetics, overall kinetics, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.
 
12.00
Unit III: 
Unit- III
Fundamental Methods of Crystal Growth
Basics of crystal growth, conditions for growing crystal, crystal growth techniques: growth from melt, growth from vapour, from solution (chemical transport method and physical transport method), growth from solid, crystal perfection, factors control the size and purity of single crystals, thin films & coatings, growth of thin films from liquids. Vacuum technology and principle of vacuum pumps, creation of vacuum, measurement of vacuum using Penning, Pirani, ionization gauges.
 
12.00
Unit IV: 
Unit IV
Growthof Semiconductor Crystals and Solar cell
Role of surface and interface structure in crystal growth, Growth of II–VI compound semiconductor crystals, Growth of I–III–VI2 compoundssemiconductor crystals and III-V compoundcrystals, Phase diagrams, Crystal Structure and Bonding, Defect in crystals, bulk and surface characterization techniques.
Methods of solar cell Fabrication for Crystalline silicon and II–VI, I–III–VI2and I2-II-IV-VI4compounds semiconductor solar cells, Essential characteristics of solar photovoltaic cell, maximum power point, cell efficiency, fill factor etc.
 
12.00
Unit V: 
Unit V
Solar Photovoltaic Materials and Devices 
Photovoltaic effect - Principle of direct solar energy conversion into electricity in a solar cell. Solar cell as p-n junction, basic equations,Solar cell materials, bandgap engineering,Thin film solar cells: Amorphous silicon,Quantum Dot solar cells ,Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide basedsolar cells, Organic and hybrid solar cells:Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Perovskite Solar Cells.
 
References: 
1. The Science and Engineering of Materials, Donald R. Askeland (Chapman & Hall)
2. Materials Science and Engineering, V. Raghvan (Fifth Addition, PHI Publishers) 
3.Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4.  Crystal growth: H.E.Buckley,   John Wiley & sons, New York, 1981.
5. Crystal growth processes and methods, P.Ramasamy and P.Santhanaraghavan, 
   (KRU Publications, 2000)
6. Vacuum Science and Technology: V. V. Rao, T. B. Ghosh, K. L. Chopra (Allied Publishers).
7. Chetan Singh Solanki, Solar Photovoltaic: “Fundamentals, Technologies andApplication”, 
PHI Learning Pvt., Ltd., 2009.
8. José Antonio Luceño-Sánchezet. al, Review article ‘Materials for Photovoltaics: State of Art 
andRecent Developments’ International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2019). 
Available online at  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/976 [2]
9. Hudedmani et. al , Research article ‘A Study of Materials for Solar PV Technologyand 
Challenges’ European Journal of Applied Engineering andScientific Research (2017).       
 
 
Academic Year: 
2025-2026 [5]

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Source URL: https://www.physics.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/material-science-and-technology-2

Links:
[1] https://www.physics.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/material-science-and-technology-2
[2] https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/976
[3] http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com, 
[4] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322159344
[5] https://www.physics.iisuniv.ac.in/academic-year/2025-2026